Money: United States and Famous Wealthy Businessman

In this day and age, it is almost impossible to live without money. Money is the key to getting most of what we need and want. Evil is an impious act, which takes over individuals or societies and makes them do wrongdoings to each other. This brings us to our topic of discussion: â€Å"Money is the root of all evil†. There are two different attitudes to this topic. A group believes that money is not the root to all evil. In the world we currently live in, one needs money in order to survive and be happy.Money gives people possibilities and when available, it allows people to live luxurious lives. When accessible, some people use their excess money to aide others. For instance, Bill Gates, a famous wealthy businessman, donates 99% of his profits every year to charities. These charities then use the money to help the poor. This group also believes that, other than money, there is other ancestry of evil. For instance, hate is one aspect. Hate is created out of jealousy between in dividuals or societies. Detestation, if strongly felt, may lead to murder.Another principle of malevolence is sexual cravings. For some individuals, these cravings, if not fulfilled, may drive them into committing a horrible sort of violence. It may lead to rape. This malice has nothing to do with money whatsoever; hence money is not the root of all evil. On the contrary, a group believes that money is the root of all evil. It is factual that money gives people power to succeed and to get what they want. However, sometimes excess power is used erroneously, which in the long term, creates evil.Evidence of this is the war that took place between Iraq and America in year 2003. It was America who declared war against Iraq. That war was ridiculous, as, until now, it has not yet been proven that Iraq had Weapons of Mass Destruction! America had, and still has, a lot of money, and therefore, a lot of power. This has driven America to creating war and conflicts with other countries, which i s a sign of evil. This money, which has been spent on the war, could've been used in supporting millions of homeless, poor and starving people around the world!

Optimism and Robinson Crusoe

â€Å"A pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty† Winston Churchill From the time human were born, they have been facing up with difficulty, every time, everywhere, and never miss anyone. Our races have overcome and will overcome abundant problems, no matter how complex they were or they will be. And, very natural, it is the optimism that leads us from victory to victory, like Churchill had said; make us see the light, even the slightest, in the darkness. We always see the just how optimism has assisted we human, in term of both literature, in the novel Robinson Crusoe, and the history of medical science. Sometimes, being optimistic is the best thing people can do, which is shown clearly in Robinson Crusoe. The protagonist, Robinson, is lost on an island. He himself with manages to survive and even make his life on the island become more comfortable. He has never given up hopes or lost his optimism, always thinks that one day he will come back home. Not once does he succumb to the fate and be depressed like many other would be in that case. His optimism and his indefatigable make his hope finally be fulfilled; he is able get back to his country after 28 years on the island in the sea. If he was not sanguine about his life and just believed hopelessly that he would die in that island, he would not be able to success. This fact strongly substantiates how optimism can change our life even in the most trying circumstance. Provided that we keep being optimistic and try our best, we can overcome any problems in life. Another case when optimism plays an essential role is in medical science, where we day to day struggle with many deadly diseases, one of which is AIDS. AIDS, which has infected million of people and caused a lot of death, is one of our biggest problems in the 21st century. There was once it is believed that this disease is incapable of being cured but the scientist did not lose there will. They had made indefatigable effort to scrutinize AIDS and they are sanguine that one day in the future AIDS will be curable. Time passed by and this notion has been gradually proven. Today, many breakthroughs in science have shed light on AIDS, thought there are not medicine that can cure AIDS, it has been strongly believed that in the near future, when we fully understand AIDS, it will be curable. People, with optimism can overcome any things in our life; which has been proven through the history of our race. It is optimism which is the most important factor of any victories.

Rich vs. The Classic 50s Wife Essay

â€Å"But to be a female human being trying to fulfill traditional female functions in a traditional way is in direct conflict with the subversive function of the imagination. The word traditional is important here. There must be ways, and we will be finding out more and more about them, in which the energy of creation and the energy of relation can be united† (Rich 350). Adrienne Rich, a writer from the 20th century, compares and contrasts the ability to become a woman writer as well as being the clichà © 1950s housewife in her essay â€Å"When We Dead Awaken: Writing As Re-Vision† . Even though Rich experiences what many women did not she organizes her essay as though they could follow her footsteps. Using many authors such as Henry James, and even herself, she helps collaborate an organize and essay in a way that makes it incredible easier for the reader to understand and follow. When writing an essay, one of the most important aspects to remember is the organization of your essay. If you do not brainstorm and plan your essay, your reader could rotationally be lost, or even confused on what your paper or essay is about. For example in Rich’s essay, she organizes her essay according to her lifetime. In the beginning she tries to explain, in a way, a sense of â€Å"re-visioning†; the act of modifying or even changing an idea. The ability for a woman to be both a writer, and a 50s housewife was nearly impossible back in the day. However Rich believes that it can be done, and that is what this re-visioning plan is all about. She uses many other authors in supporting her argument, and her initial plan to bring about women writers. She then finishes her essay with her own personal experiences in coming about as a woman writer. This way of organizing is very efficient, and helpful especially to the reader. Not only does is give the reader an example of how it is to be done, but it shows them that what was thought of the impossible, was in fact possible. It also shows the woman of that time that it was okay to be both a housewife and a writer; or just a writer like Rich. This is also a life lesson for the public. We are changing everyday.  Throughout the entire world rules are changing, people are changing, and society is changing as a whole. No matter how hard something is, nothing is impossible. Rich succeeded in her dream in becoming a writer, so you should strive into becoming what you want to be. Rich used other readers into helping her throughout this essay and I feel it was very efficient for her to do so. â€Å"He once opened his eyes, in the raw winter dawn, to see his companion, in a dressing-gown, on her knees before the domestic hearth, a candle-stick beside her and a red madras round her head, making a bravery with her own hands the fire that was to enable her to sit down betimes to urgent pen and paper. The story represents him as having felt that the spectacle chilled his ardor and tried his taste; her appearance was unfortunate, her occupation as inconsequence, and her industry a reproof – the result of all which was a lively irritation and an early rupture† (Rich 345). In this quote the husband is almost disgusted with how his wife looks, and what she is doing. Instead of preparing him dinner or cleaning the house, she is about to light the fire and write. This type of judgment towards woman that write caused a problem with those who were wanting to become a writer. I believe the reason Rich included this in her piece is because it shows what women went through in the process of becoming a writer. It connects with her, especially, because she went through these exact phases. However, like I said in the previous paragraph, Rich proves that nothing is impossible. She made herself heard and if you wanted to become a female writer, than you could. Not only did Rich use other authors, but she used some of her other poems and writings as well. Rich wrote on a notebook during her tough times, â€Å"Paralyzed by the sense that there exists a mesh of relationships – e.g., between my anger at the children, my sensual life, pacifism, sex ( I mean sex in its broadest significance, not merely sexual desire)- an interconnectedness which, if I could see it, make it valid, would five me back myself, make it possible to function lucidly and passionately. Yet I grope in and out among these dark webs† (Rich 350). Here, Rich is trying to explain, in her own words, the frustration she encountered on her journey into finding herself. She is  trying to find a middle point in between being a housewife, a mother, and a writer. She uses this passage to prove once more how hard it really was to accomplish your dream in life, especially hers. Nothing comes to you on a â€Å"silver platter†, and there will be sacrifices that you will have to make. It shows the reader how it affected her as a woman, and how she personally f elt. This helps the reader feel her emotions, and really see the hard times. Throughout this entire piece I found myself in Rich’s footsteps. Throughout my entire life there has been bumps in the road, and hard times that I had to overcome. Just like her, I made it through them and carried on, which I believe is what she did to become a writer. Organizing her piece the way she did, and structuring it the way she did, helped me, the reader, really understand her point of view, as well as some of the other authors. Works Cited Rich, Adrienne. â€Å"When We Dead Awaken: Writing As Re-Vision.† From Inquiry to Academic Writing, Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2008. 342-355. Print.

Follys Antidote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Follys Antidote - Essay Example t so many questions as to why war seems to have to exist and why an evolved and civilized society aware of the past would ever continue to make such blunders into war. If there are any answers or hope to be found, Schlesinger points to where they may be found, in the awareness of our history and importance of utilizing that awareness for there to be any kind of hope for us. Schlesinger, in his article ‘Folly’s antidote’ has presented historians as persons with limited vision. Historical facts as perceived by them seem to have their own version of history which change when their perception towards things or events change. It is true because history has unlimited mysteries lost in the ruins of the times. Therefore, every historian is able to unearth something new about the past, under the demand of the present. The permutation and combination of the cause and effect of the present, has a tendency to look towards the past for the answers, thus motivating the historians to look at the history from a new angle and decipher the past events leading to the present. It is important to know the history of a nation because it gives them a better understanding of the present and a wider scope to improve their future. The one lesson that history teaches is to remember that nothing remains the same. Change is the key to history and people and place evolve through time to emerge in different forms. The fact has been acknowledged by the late President of America, John F. Kennedy who had said â€Å"We must face the fact that the United States is neither omnipotent or omniscient — that we are only 6 percent of the world’s population; that we cannot impose our will upon the other 94 percent of mankind; that we cannot right every wrong or reverse each adversity; and therefore there cannot be an American solution to every world problem† (Schlesinger). America seems to ignore the calls of the history and has repeatedly committed the folly of waging wars with Vietnam and

Case Study in B2B Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Case Study in B2B Marketing - Essay Example The company TCL has been stated to be quite established which provides its clients with a complete assortment of services related to marketing and advertising. The services entail advertising, website development, online marketing, direct marketing as well as public relations. The client list of the company consists of an extensive variety of companies ranging from furniture retailers, garden centres, local parks with theme and universities. The company is believed to have created a superior reputation for itself in terms of offering a dependable, consistent, proficient and gracious service. It is known to be engaged with the B2B marketing and thus the bulk of its respective business is believed to be attained with the help of reference selling or rather word-of-mouth suggestion. This advertising as well as marketing company has witnessed tough times in its business owing to the economic downturn which is making the company to entail certain required alterations in its marketing plan s for the reason of ensuring its survival in this environment. The marketing mix of the company TCL calls for the requirement of few alterations in order to meet up to the marketing aims ascertained by the company. The effectual and the competent formulation of a fresh or transformed marketing mix would need a lucid comprehension of the present marketing objectives or aims of the company. The company has been made to witness few challenges in terms of its existing business owing the recent economic downturn. The other grave challenge experienced by TCL has been measured to be the exceeding fragmentation of the market. The market in which the company operates has been found to be sectioned and consists of increased amount of small as well as

Credibility Assessment for Social Media in Crisis Communication Research Proposal

Credibility Assessment for Social Media in Crisis Communication - Research Proposal Example Many researchers have explored the area of social ties without a keen interest on the dissemination of crisis information through social ties (Duggan & Banwell, 2004). The level of bonding in social relationships is contingent upon the amount of shared time, the degree of intimacy in a relationship, the level of emotional attachment, and the extent of reciprocation in the ties. (Granovetter, 1973). There is an increased contribution of social ties in the process of conveyance of information. This increased role of social ties is significant in crises where information requires real-time dissemination (Miritello, Moro, & Lara, 2011). The high anxiety and expectations usually leaves people hungry for information and this may prompt high social activity to gain information. However, social media can offer information that may not pass verification tests (Duggan & Banwell, 2004). The legitimacy of the information sources may be questionable leading to willful or un-willful misrepresentat ion of information and facts. The information conveyed in crises may have adverse consequences on the reputation of an organization or the government if the information is not comprehensive and true. The media that espouse the flow of communication is crucial in facilitating the reception of and attitude towards the message. For instance, the government or organization’s choice of information source to convey crisis information may have implications on the credibility of the information.

The Start-Up of You and Readers' Responses Essay

The Start-Up of You and Readers' Responses - Essay Example A closer look at Friedman’s arguments which applied the use of humor could be seen from his second paragraph when he was trying to explain that the number of personnel currently employed by famous global organizations, such as the social networking and Internet companies, could just fit in â€Å"the 20,000 seats in Madison Square Garden, and still have room for grandma† (Friedman, 2011, par. 2). The intention of the author was for the audience to visualize the significant change in the thrust of hiring, not based on quantities of human resources; but on distinct innovative and creative skills. Likewise, another statement that injected humor was: â€Å"I think something else, something new-something that will require our kids not so much to find their next job as to invent their next job-is also influencing today's job market more than people realize† (Friedman, 2011, par. 1). In this particular statement, the author’s main argument was to relay the imminen t pressure encountered by current graduates in searching for employment, based primarily on unconventional factors that allegedly exacerbate the situation of job seekers. It stirs the emotions of readers in terms of inciting increased awareness and developing a sense of urgency to re-evaluate personal and professional skills that one currently possesses, or that one should currently possess to increase competitiveness in the contemporary global market. Still, there was a tinge of humor when Friedman indicated that â€Å"you would never know that from listening to the debate in Washington, where some Democrats still tend to talk about job creation as if it's the 1960s and some Republicans as if it's the 1980s. But this is not your parents' job market† (Friedman, 2011, par. 6). The statement has some elements of satire in the way the author stressed that policymakers apparently were too outdated to know that they should likewise be kept abreast of the changing pace of workforce opportunities. At this, the audience could either agree or react otherwise, depending on the demographic profile assumed; meaning, parents could be offended; young graduates could think this is funny; members of either the Democrats or the Republicans could obviously feel grossly transgressed. Other portions that exemplify the author’s use of emotions to sustain his arguments are as follows: in introducing the book entitled The Start-Up of You, which was reportedly authored by Reid Garrett Hoffman, LinkedIn’s founder, the assertions of Hoffman likewise stirs the emotios of the readers in terms of apparently creating a sense of uneasiness, anxiety, and unrest in specifying that the thrust of contemporary global organizations’ hiring focuses on entrepreneurial skills and talents that could not be simply earned and develop through a college degree. It was emphasized that â€Å"You can't just say, 'I have a college degree, I have a right to a job, now someone else should figure out how to hire and train me!’" (Friedman, 2011, par. 10). This particular revelation could come as a big blow to thousands of college graduates who remain optimistic of finding their dream jobs through the theoretical framework gained from their respective fields of endeavors.  

Operations management techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations management techniques - Essay Example Operations managers in this sector need to be very enthusiastic in application of the best operations techniques in order to meet the organizational goals. This requires an emphasis on the type of product to consumers, the required production processes, as well as the demand for the organization’s products and services (Scribd, 2011). The discussion in this paper aims at evaluating the usefulness of application of operations management techniques in meeting customer’s needs, as well as the achievement of organizational objectives. Operations management Operations management entails utilizing and overseeing the accomplishment of vital processes that help in making the ultimate consumable products in an organization. The operations are those processes that are involved in the conversion of inputs into outputs within a sound organization. They range from manufacturing, serving, training, and distribution of goods and services within a hotel, which is a food supplies indust ry. The rationale of the operations management is the careful monitoring of production’s activities, with the aim of producing quality products and distributing them appropriately. The overall major activities involved are those that entail the creation of products, development of new products and methodologies, as well as the ample distribution activities (Mukherjee. and Kachwala, 2009). Careful implementation of the reinstated activities is considered vital in the achievement of goals within the hotel sector. Therefore, the analysis of the internal hotel procedures and the substantial measurement are the two crucial factors of operations management. Significantly, the operations management in a hotel is accounted by the nature of their services and products, the operational scope, as well as the ultimate goals to be achieved. The operations managers in a hotel are ones that are charged with the responsibility of overseeing production and distribution activities. Moreover, t he achievement of the operations services and activities is done via utilization of vital techniques, specific for each technical requirement (Kamauff, 2009). Operations management techniques The operations management techniques entail those processes that are employed as drivers to the operations management services stated above. The conversion of inputs into outputs requires utilization of equipment, material purchase, as well as management and monitory personnel for the sake of the required processes. There are various categories of the techniques, some of which are based on tools and equipment and others based on the operations research. Each technique employed is vital in accomplishment of a specific service in the operations management. They are inclusive of purchases management techniques that are useful when buying raw materials for the production of ultimate required goods within a hotel (Greswell, 2007). The inventory control technique is also very useful when it comes to invention of new strategies as well as adoption of new equipment. The quality control techniques are ample in ensuring delivery of valid products and services to organizational consumers.

Arguments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguments - Assignment Example Conclusion: Casey Anthony murdered her daughter. My argument is everyone deserves a fair trial. It would be better for murderers to go free than one innocent person is sentenced to death row or jail. My friend’s argument is murderers must be punished even if some innocent people are sent to jail or death row. I am just concerned if one person’s rights are violated, my rights could be violated. My friend takes the view it would never happen to her. We both walked away agreeing to disagree. 2. The Scope and Limits of Logic Logic can help individuals understand our arguments. By studying logic, individuals can understand how to look at both sides of an argument to make a decision. When an individual only looks at one side of the argument logic cannot take place. It is based on personal feelings and experiences instead of looking at different sides of the argument. No matter how obstinate or one sided a person can be, they still use logic in some circumstances. Everyday ind ividuals debate within themselves on actions. Whether it is to take the Interstate or a side road to work or school, people have to make decisions everyday. So everyone uses logic. By studying logic, an individual can understand the why and how they make decisions.

Royal Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Royal Caribbean - Essay Example The current system does not allow for the ship crew to effectively keep track of their passengers. This proposal will offer the development of a DSS to assist in the activity of decision making by providing a list of possible options and tools to improve the ultimate effectiveness of the decision outcome. The DSS will help be helpful in decision making through its capacity to process large information that were encountered during the course of decision making. This proposal identifies the goals and problem definition of the proposed DSS. The proposed DSS will require a decision rule in order to select among alternatives and solution to the problem. This decision rule requires gathering of data and information such as: customer satisfaction surveys, estimated cost of each alternative, feasibility estimations, initial customer feedback regarding each alternative, and current rates of missing passengers Royal Caribbean is mysteriously losing passengers during the trip and while at port. The current system does not allow for the ship crew to effectively keep track of their passengers. This is causing lost goodwill with current and future customers as well as bad publicity. ... The publicity of passengers not boarding the boat at time of departure can have a negative impact on ticket sales, revenue, market share, etc. 2. A relevant improved situation. The proposed DSS will assist Royal Caribbean in deciding among four possible alternatives.. Once a selection has been done, this new system will eliminate the current major problem that the company is facing, and thus will encourage more sales and revenue, and regained its reputation as one of the best company in the shipping industry. 3. The differences between the current and an improved situation. The company have identified four possible alternatives in order to cope with the current problem. A decision has to be made on which among the four options will have the best result in terms of overall effectiveness, based on organized data collections and models. 4. Possible (feasible) changes available to the organization. There will be changes in the overall company procedures and guidelines within the organization. Implementation of the DSS to support the decision making process is a big change among the organizations and its passengers. The best way to avoid resistance to change is to clearly explain the reason for the change and respect the viewpoints of other people. A clear vision and strategy for implementation will have a positive support and avoid restrictions within the organization. 5. A succinct, goal oriented problem definition statement. To design a DSS to determine the best way to keep track of passengers on and off the ship is the company's goal oriented problem definition

Petty v. Metropolitan Gov't of Nashville & Davidson County Research Paper

Petty v. Metropolitan Gov't of Nashville & Davidson County - Research Paper Example The case also involved Petty, who was a former Police Officer forced out of the Metro Police Department because of active duty mobilization in American Army Reserve. In fact, there were issues that contributed to the case proceeding to court. After returning from active duty, there was a delay in his reemployment request, whereby it exceeded the stipulated duration in relation to execution process. Moreover, Petty was not rehired under the position of patrol sergeant or any equivalent based on the information provided after completion of return-to-work form. Nevertheless, he failed to disclose the facts, which would justify discharge from the Army. Furthermore, there is a policy in Metropolitan Police Department that regard to return-to-work form, which indicates that returnee’s offices are required to compete in situations where they have been a way for a period. 2. Explain how the reemployment provisions of the USERRA were violated in this case. The aim of USERRA provisions is to provide protection of veterans’ rights during the process of seeking re-employment in order to return to service. These provisions focus on the military services and protection against discrimination concerning reemployment. In fact, they offer protection to the military and reserves in a way that prevents cases of losing of employment, relegation, losing of precedence, and loss of benefits in a situation of being called to active duty (United States Court of Appeals, 2012). There is a substantial disparity between USERRA with other laws that protects discrimination against employment and the breadth and potency aimed at protection. In this case, the mandatory reemployment imposes restrictions and prohibition against discrimination and retaliation. In this case, there is a violation of the USERRA provisions by Metropolitan Police Department through the delay involved in re-hiring the Petty in the process of return-to-work (Oubre, 2012). Moreover, the department violates the provisions by denying Petty a position, which he had met the standards and qualification. Therefore, the Metropolitan Police Department has been evidently depicted in their violation against USERRA concerning the provision of reemployment. 3. Explain why the court concludes that Petty has a claim for discrimination under USERRA. There is a conclusion by the court indicating that Petty has a claim for the allegations of discrimination by Metropolitan Police Department based on employment. In fact, this conclusion is made by the court based on the stipulations made by USERRA concerning reinstatement after petitioning for timely re-employment and discharge (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). In this case, failure of the Metropolitan Police Department to conform with requirements of the act, which expected them to conduct a quick reinstatement of Petty to his former position led to this conclusion. After the allegations by Metro against Petty’s dishonesty, there was a response by the court, which was aimed at reminding them about USERRA. Moreover, these provisions stipulate the authority of employers to terminate a former service member for cause after re-employment. Nevertheless, this is not applicable for an employer to use this as a basis for failing to reinstate a former servi

Rationale of the Study Essay Example for Free

Rationale of the Study Essay Computers can be scary. At least that is what many people used to think, until computers became a regular part of their lives. The fact is, computers have become more â€Å"friendly†Ã¢â‚¬â€easier for the average person to use. In addition, they are becoming more and more important and useful in many areas of our lives—including the Church. A good church provides many services to the community through outreach programs, service projects, food pantries, and youth activities. And of course, they teach the community about salvation through Jesus Christ. The Church is using computer technology to solve problems, to save money, and to better serve the Church members on the local level. Computers have also been very useful in handling the impact of Church growth over the past few years. The staff at Church headquarters would be growing much faster than it is without computer solutions. Today, many churches and other religious organizations have jumped into the technological age. Churches have found new and inventive ways to keep in touch with people and its community through the use of technology. Many of the religious charitable institutions have also realized the potential of this modern communication to help raise funds, awareness and get help to where it is needed faster and easier than before. With the ever evolving world of social networks, churches need to constantly redefine and be ready to adapt connection points with their community whether online or in person. Understanding how the live and virtual worlds can most effectively support each other will help in defining how your church can connect. Technology is definitely cool and it is important tool for reaching people today. It makes so many things easier. That is how technology can help your church. The reason why this study is conducted is to provide online information and the power to manipulate all information and processes in the most convenient and reliable way. The researchers proposed newly improvised Online Church Information System in order to help the individuals in meeting their needs.

Asda Stores Ltd Is A British Supermarket Marketing Essay

Asda Stores Ltd Is A British Supermarket Marketing Essay In the year 1999 ASDA became a subsidiary of the American retail giant Wal-Mark the worlds largest retailer, and is now known to be the second largest chain in the UK. A survey done in December 2010 showed that 16.5% of UK grocery shoppers used ASDA for their main shopping needs, as they were attracted to ASDAs special offers. ASDAs marketing promotions have most of the time been on its price. They have been known as Britains lowest priced supermarket for the past thirteen years. Since ASDA is a fully owned part of Wal-Mart, it does not required to declare quarterly or half-yearly earnings, and submits full accounts to Companies House each October. Organizational Structure and Culture Organizational Structure ASDAs organizational structure is a hierarchical structure. This is because it has a lot of employees working in various departments of the company. Therefore there information has to pass through many people before it can reach the store manager. For an example, a co worker has to report to the supervisor, the supervisor has to report to the assistant manager/manager, the assistant manager/manager reports to the store manager. A hierarchical structure has many levels. Each level is controlled by one person. A hierarchical company tends to be a very big company just like ASDA. ASDA culture ASDAs culture is unique from other organizations in many ways. ASDA has a team of over one hundred and seventy thousand working across the business. All employees wear a name badge, and have daily huddles to keep up to date on their performance. They strictly follow three beliefs that are, service to our customers, respect for the individual, strive for excellence. ASDA believes that their customers are at the heart of everything they do and that their purpose is to make sure that all their goods and services to be as affordable as possible. They strongly believe that it is a culture to work as one team to support their stores, drawing on the strengths and experiences of individuals and sharing them with each other. When it comes to ASDAs attitude, they believe in commitment, where great ideas can be put into action. They like to find out ways to do things, rather than looking for reasons not to do them. ASDA believes in huddles, and uses it to keep everyone informed about the business performance. They use huddles to communicate their key activities for the day and help them remain focused and achieve the set goal for the day. Huddles also give them the opportunity to acknowledge and celebrate team and individual success. Every employee working at ASDA group Ltd wears a name badge. They believe that it makes it easier to be approached when wearing a name badge. ASDA holds The Big Bruch which is their quarterly huddle that is held at the ASDA House in Leeds. This gives the employees the opportunity to share important information in a fun and relaxed way. Normally the Big Bruch starts with a performance in the ASDA Houses atrium. Staffs working at ASDA are not pressurized to wear a jacket, as they believe that jackets are a barrier to be approached. ASDA believes in something called the ten foot rule, where if someone is within ten feet from an employee, it can be anyone, either another employee or a customer or a supplier, they should always say hello. They believe that it helps build an atmosphere of friendliness and respect, and after all it only takes a second. Business Model ASDAs business model is quite similar to any other big organizations business model, although the online business can be a little more complex. ASDAs e-commerce platforms support online shopping for both general merchandise (George clothing) and as well as groceries. The grocery business is operates out of one hundred and seventy five stores, and delivers to the local areas within each store, where they use nine-hundred delivery vehicles to cover up to 95% of all UK postcodes. The ASDA Direct business trades around seven hundred and fifty thousand stocked and stockless products in partnership with other third party and carrier specialists. Currently they do home deliveries, but have plans for the future, where the customer will also have the option to place the order online and pick it up from any ASDA store. They launched their first ASDA Direct catalogue in October 2010 and plan to use this to market the proposition ongoing. Global Visibility ASDA Stored Ltd is a huge scale business, but may not be as big as the new Super Stores, where you can find other additional facilities like launderettes etc. But ASDA is known to be a huge scale business as they provide services in many different sectors. While retailing in groceries and general merchandise, they also have a travel and insurance section, pharmacy section, opticians section and also their own mobile network provider. ASDA has two hundred and ninety three stores operating in the UK and has over one hundred and seventeen thousand employees. They also have many stores abroad in different countries but operate under different names, but sell the same products. Business Alliances Major business alliance of ASDA is George Davies partnership. All the clothing section of ASDA is Georges. The partnership was started in 65 stores in February 1989. ASDA became a part of wal-mart group in the year 1999. Business Process ASDAs business process is structured of four types: Customers Operating Model Colleagues Shareholders (i) Customers When it comes to their customers, ASDA believes in Treating the customers happily. Keeping the goods available to the customers at any time. Providing best quality of goods. Providing the products cheaply. (ii) Operational Model Maintain prices lower when compared to other competitors. Maintaining lower prices at any circumstances. (iii) Colleagues Providing good environment at the work place. Willing to work with others in a professional way. (iv) Shareholders Maintaining new formats Enriching return on investment Step 02 SWOT Analysis for ASDA I N T E R N A L Strengths Cost advantage Can afford to lower prices to attract new customers. Innovation Online growth Online shopping becoming a lot more popular and ASDA has a good secure website. Loyal customers Loyal customers coming back again and again purchasing from the business Strong brand equity Strong financial position Supply chain Pricing Affiliation to Wal-Mart Mini Cafes (Restaurants) Weaknesses Quality of food substandard Not having petrol stations(Tesco etc has) No Express stores (Tesco etc has) No stores abroad with same name E X T E R N A L Opportunities Product and services expansion Takeovers Diversity to Petrol stations Opening Express Stores Expansion abroad by opening stores abroad with same name Threats Competition Economic slowdown External changes (government, politics, taxes, etc) Exchange rate fluctuations Price wars Product substitution Porters Five Forces Model POTENTIAL ENTRANTS (Treat of Mobility) SUPPLIERS (Supplier Power) BUYERS (Buyer Power) SUBSTITUTES (Treat of Substitutes) INDUSTRY RIVALRY Industry Rivalry Current Competitors: Tesco, Sainsbury, Marks and Spenser Growing industry possibility of new competitors Customers have low switching costs Fixed cost are high resulting huge production and reduction in prices Exit barriers are high and rivals stay and compete Possible Solution for ASDA to avoid competitive rivalry between their competitors (Tesco etc): They should avoid price competition ASDA should differentiate their products By reducing industry over-capacity They should focus on different segments Also they should communicate with their competitors New Entrants Potential competitors with capital requirements to start a business is less Selling of same/similar products or services Customers can easily switch (low switching costs) Price competition Possible ways that ASDA may reduce the threat of new entrants By increasing sales efficiency Have alliances with other products and services Create a brand image (they do have it) By tying up with their suppliers By typing up with their distributers End users/buyers Buyers purchasing in bulk quantity No differentiation in products Buyers can easily switch to competitors product Price sensitive buyers Very low cost (would think twice) Possible ways for ASDA to reduce the bargaining power of their customers ASDA should increase their customer loyalty Use of customer relationship management By increasing incentives and value added services for their customers Suppliers Suppliers being strong and well organized Suppliers can demand when not many suppliers of that particular product is available Suppliers can demand when they supply an effective or unique product When the switching cost of supplier is high When the supplier has captured the market Possible ways for ASDA to reduce the bargaining power of their suppliers ADSA should create partnerships with their suppliers ASDA should use a supply chain management Providing supply chain training By increasing dependency of supplier on them By building knowledge of their supplier costs and methods By taking of a supplier Substitutes Customers can switch when there are many substitute products available in the market When customers find the same product or service for a cheaper price elsewhere Better quality products found at a competitor Competitor earning high profits can reduce price of the substitute product to the lowest level Possible ways for ASDA to reduce the threats of their substitutes By increasing switching costs Having customer surveys to learn customer preferences Emphasize on differences Alliances with other companies Step 03 Bringing competitive advantage through cloud computing What is cloud computing? Cloud computing is an online form of computing and is closely associated with Web 2.0. It enables users to access applications using a browser, while the application is installed and stored along with the data on a server. This helps companies to reduce their capital costs, by not having the need to purchase software and hardware. Cloud computing has become a whole new form of computing where it allows thousands of users from all parts of the world to access something without the need of having to download and install them on their computers. Advantages of cloud computing Reduced cost. It would help ASDA Stores Ltd to receive secure, managed hosting at a very low cost. Also they are able to access it from any computer and still have the file they require. This also makes it easier for the company as they do not have to reproduce the software and ship out to all its branches. By using cloud computing it would help ASDA to reduce it cost and only pays a rent to the server space required. When ASDAs requirements grow they do not have to purchase any additional hardware in order to upgrade their servers, which may also help them keep the cost down. Cloud computing automatically updates the servers for the owners. Therefore owners no longer have to hire specialists to update their servers. Cloud computing is mobile. It lets its users at ASDA connect with any device, which means they can do their work from any part of the world as far as they have access to the internet. This could save time and also information to be up to date. ASDA users can log onto the network without having to download anything. This saves them time and hard drive space. An important feature of cloud computing is that companies share recourses. This means that they are allowed access to the resources via cloud computing. This also helps ASDA save time and money by placing all their resources in one place which makes it easy for its employees to access. It benefits ASDA to keep their files safe on their servers and less likely to be lost or stolen on a hard drive. The server will have an offsite backup in case something goes wrong. Therefore ASDA does not have to worry about losing any information. Disadvantages of cloud computing Additional cost of data transfer fees Another disadvantage about cloud computing is that you do not have control over the remote servers, their software, or their security The companys data is with a third-party company It may be hard to transfer large amounts of data from the provider. Transforming competitive advantage with social media What is social media? Social media integrates the online technology and methods through which people can share content, give their personal opinions and swap different perspectives. Social media website can be made up of many ways. They may include: Text often used to share opinions or post on blogs Images to share images and photos Audio allows you to create podcasts which users may download Video you may record a video and share it with everyone Nowadays some of the most popular types of social media websites are of: Social networking such websites allow you to create a profile of yourself and chat, discuss and also share information with others. A few examples of popular social networking sites are FaceBook, MySpace, Bebo. Wikis they are websites that lets you create, edit and share information on a particular subject or topic. An example of wikis is Wikipedia. Video Sharing you may upload and share videos with the web community. An example of such website is YouTube. Photo Sharing Users may upload pictures and images from their account and can share them with other users around the world. An example of such website is Flickr. News aggregation Provides a list of the latest news that is published by users from a range of different websites. An example of a news aggregation website is Digg. Social Bookmarking users of such sites are allowed to publicly bookmark web pages that they may find valuable or interesting and share them with other users. Online gaming Lets users do play games online. An example of online gaming is World of Warcraft. Presence apps Such websites lets users to post micro blog-like posts and tell others what they are doing. An example of such website is Twitter. Advantages of Social Media It is said that Asda.com home shopping service serves 97% in the country. ASDA launched financial services such as providing personal loans, general insurance, life insurance and credit cards. Its aim is to take trouble out of financial planning and insurance and to offer cheap prices. ASDAs thinking about social media: Issues get alerted in a brilliant way. Informing things to head office and as well as store level. Strategy is enough for digital world, no need of digital strategy. Be prepared to face good or bad. Some future ways of ASDA Communication: ASDA may create blogs, in order to get feedback from customers etc. They may promote themselves through social networks such as facebook etc. They also may use multimedia or photography in order to advertise their company. And also could allow their customers to comment on their products. This way they may be able to see what their customers think about their products and services and may change it according to customer requirements. Can mobility bring competitive advantage? What is Mobility? Mobility solutions gives people the opportunity to access the companys information from anywhere in the world at anytime in a flawless and secure manner. By making information accessible from anywhere in the world, it can be guaranteed that employees would not have to wait for the data to reach them in other means when making an important decision. Another use of mobility applications is that it can be used to capture delayed or lost information. In the past mobility once used to refer to notebooks. Although notebooks have a positive side, they have several limitations to what they can do. They can be bulky to carry around, expensive, they require a data connection in order to connect to the internet and also most of the time have a low battery life. Nowadays most of us have replaced the use of notebooks with powerful, with a much longer battery life hand held devices such as PDAs and Smartphones. Users can connect to the internet from their cellular networks signal or may also have the option of connecting via Wi-Fi. In most companies Email is the most important application when it comes to mobility. Therefore in most companies the senior management have been equipped with Blackberry and other similar devices with push email technology, which helps easy access to their emails. Even the middle and junior level management can only benefit in mobility solutions in order to guarantee higher levels of productivity and efficiency. Mobility applications can consist of various functionalities such as Sales force autonation, customer relationship management, logistics tracking and planning, performance tracking, push alerts and much more. Using these types of applications can be as easy as typing SMS or as powerful as hi-tech applications running on Smartphones. Before a company can go ahead with the use of mobility solutions, it first needs to consider several restrictions. The company needs to first evaluate which of its business processes require the access to information (PCs). For an example the sales function where the staff requires the latest and accurate information, while having limited access to the companys IT network. After evaluating what business processes require access to information (PCs), the company then has to decide what form of applications they will consider. For some business processes of the company, plain SMS-based querying might be enough. This means the application may be installed on the existing mobile phone that most of the companys staff are having. But if the mobile phones do not have to complexity to hold such softwares, the company might have to provide complex machines such as PDAs or smartphones in order to be able to use such softwares. But for other business process in the company may need of much high tech equipment than a PDA or smartphone. But mobility can also sometimes have a negative side to it. Some employees would take a long time to get used to using such mobile devices, and some employees may not like using such devices, this may have a negative effect on the company. Since the devices are mobile, there are possibilities of thefts or losing the devices. And since it may contain valuable company information, it may be a huge concern to the company of losing such equipment. But to overcome such incidents and to protect their data, companies may install a password based access into the devices, and also have firewalls to avoid hacking. These are some possible ways of protecting the companys data. Step 04 Our business strategy for ASDA consists of three steps Analysis Integration Implementation (i) Anaysis In the analysis part, in order to develop a business strategy for ASDA, we are going to use the SWOT analysis we did in step 2. Using the SWOT analysis, it will help us gather, analyze and evaluate information and identify strategic options that ASDA is facing. We chose SWOT analysis to help develop a business strategy for ASDA because we believe that SWOT analysis is a very effective way of identifying the strengths and weaknesses, as well as examining the opportunities and treats that ASDA may face. Using the SWOT analysis framework, we have put in place what we believe are the Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ASDA. Strengths and weaknesses are known to be internal while opportunities and threats are external. I N T E R N A L Strengths Cost advantage Can afford to lower prices to attract new customers. Innovation Online growth Online shopping becoming a lot more popular and ASDA has a good secure website. Loyal customers Loyal customers coming back again and again purchasing from the business Strong brand equity Strong financial position Supply chain Pricing Affiliation to Wal-Mart Mini Cafes (Restaurants) Weaknesses Quality of food substandard Not having petrol stations(Tesco etc has) No Express stores (Tesco etc has) No stores abroad with same name E X T E R N A L Opportunities Product and services expansion Takeovers Diversity to Petrol stations Opening Express Stores Expansion abroad by opening stores abroad with same name Threats Competition Economic slowdown External changes (government, politics, taxes, etc) Exchange rate fluctuations Price wars Product substitution (ii) Intergration Using this knowledge, we can now develop a plan of action by first matching the strengths and weaknesses with the opportunities in the external environment, and also oppose any possible threats that might create a danger to plans. A weakness seen in ASDA is that they do not have any petrol stations or any affiliated petrol stations. Their competitors like Tesco has their petrol stations and also other competitors have affiliated petrol stations where they can use discount coupons to get discounts on petrol. ASDA can use change this weakness into an opportunity. Since they are in a strong financial position, they can start their own petrol stations, or get together with a petrol station and sign a contract with them, where their customers can get discounts on petrol when they shop with ASDA. Another weakness ASDA faces is that they do not have any express stores like their competitor Tesco does. Taking into notice that they are in a strong financial position, having a good supply chain, low cost prices, and also being affiliated to wal-mart, they can use this weakness and change it into an opportunity by opening express stores. This could be a huge gain for ASDA. But by doing so, they should also take into consideration the threats they could face. Because when Tesco started their express stores they faced many issues with other shop owners and the government. Therefore ASDA first look into the external changes (government, politics, taxes etc). Although ASDA has stores abroad with other names with different spellings, that sell the exact same products. Most people would not know that it is a part of ASDA. When you look at ASDAs competitor Tesco, they have many stores in many other countries with the same company name. This helps them build up their company name and brand. Therefore if ASDA can also do the same and open stores abroad with its name they can build a better name recognition. And since they are affiliated to Wal-mart, and also currently having stores abroad with different spellings, they already have a good supply chain and structure active already. So it would be easy for ASDA to start its branches abroad with the same name. Since they already have stores abroad with different spellings which are active, the threats of starting business abroad are to a minimum. The possible threats they could have faced is the exchange rate fluctuations, price wars as other countries would have other local competitors etc. But since they already have stores operating abroad, it would be easier to start stores with their own ASDA name. Another possible opportunity that ASDA may consider is expansion of their products and services. Since they are an affiliation to wal-mart, which is considered to be the worlds largest retail company, this can be a positive thing for ASDA. And since they have much other strength like being in a strong financial position, affordable low cost prices, good supply chain, strong brand equity and loyal customers, it would be a good idea for them to expand the number of stores, and also introduce more services. For an example: a launderette. This would help the customers benefit more, as they can put their clothes to wash while they shop. By doing so, they would first have to look for any possible threats. For an example: Competition. They would have to first see if there is any other company specializing in this sort of business, who are offering low cost laundry services close to their stores and whether they would be any threat to ASDA. Another opportunity for ASDA could be takeovers. Since they are in a strong financial position, and a well reputable company, they should see if they can buy over any possible companies that they see could be a possible threat in the future. (iii ) Implementation After matching up the strengths and weaknesses with the opportunities while taking into consideration the possible threats that can affect the plan, we now move onto the implementation part. In this section, ASDA will have individual teams that will have respective roles in bringing the strategy to succeed, by applying specific tactics that is developed in order to support the strategy. So by appointing different teams to work on different subsections of the business strategy, this could help the implementation stage to be a success. Since ASDA is not sure how the results would turn out to be, it is not wise for ASDA to spend a lot of money and time at once into starting something new. Therefore, as a trial, they should first start it on a small scale, and according to its progress they should then decide whether it is going to benefit the company or not. In order to see the progress of the implementation of the new strategies, ASDA will include a measurement module. This is derived from the overall goals established to accomplish the business mission. The goals are broken down, by the new business and the time estimated to accomplish them. The business strategy will include a module to periodically evaluate the current progress against goals. Based according on how well the business strategy has led to goal achievement, the strategic analysis process is repeated to adjust the strategy as required. Theme we selected In order for ASDA to achieve their goals, we believe that social media will bring the most competitive advantage out of the three themes. This is because; ASDA is already a well established company and has a well balanced infrastructure with all the necessary technology and people to operate them. Although cloud computing and mobility also have their positive sides, for an example, in cloud computing, a company does not have keep buying new servers as their business grows, and do not have to spend a lot of money in updating the software and installing new servers etc, and with the use of mobility, according to the business process they can provide their staff with various mobile devices to carry out their tasks to cut down on time etc. But as said before ASDA is not a new company and has been in operation for many years. Therefore they have already invested in all the necessary technology and people they need. If ASDA was a new company it might have been a good option to consider either cloud computing or mobility as they would not have to spend a lot of money on servers etc and pay for only what they require. Since ASDA already has the necessary technology and people, they have to focus on ways to improve their business. This includes what options are there to improve their business, what their customers think about their current products and services, their competitors etc. So by using social media, they are able to achieve this. They are able to advertise their products in many different ways and also get good feedback from their customers, which will help them to know whether their customers are satisfied with their products and services and change it according to the customer requirements. Some ways they could use social media is by having blogs where customers can write on. This is a good way to know what their customers think about their products. This way issues get alerted in a brilliant way, and they are able to cater according to the customer needs. They also may promote themselves through social networking, which also is a good and effective way. These are some of the ways they can use social media to improve on their business. Then according to their customer feedback, they can start implementing the opportunities which they gathered in the SWOT analysis by converting the weaknesses into opportunities with the help of their strengths while taking into consideration the possible threats they may face. Then they could also move onto having a social network within the organization, where they can have a blog where employees within the company can share their thoughts and ideas on how to improve their products and services to satisfy customer requirements.

Commercial Exploitation Of Intellectual Property Rights

Commercial Exploitation Of Intellectual Property Rights Nowadays, businesses need to be aware that the value of their enterprises is not based only on physical assets but also on intangible assets, and intellectual property (IP) is the key to protect the value of those assets. It has been estimated that in most technology companies, intangible assets form over 60% of their business value (Shirmon, 2006). The most recognised intellectual property protection is brand, while businesses protect their brands to enhance their value. But in the increasingly competitive environment, the success of many businesses is now based on innovation and new technology. There are four major types of IP including patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret. In general, IP is all about ideas skilfully expressed resulting in innovation and creative works (David, 2009). Innovation in technology is characterised by a process that produces a variety of goods that differ in quality and performances (Cornish, Llewelyin and Aplin, 2010). Ernfried (2003) describes the development of most technologies as an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary process (Suzanne, 2004). It can be identified as a process of creative destruction, in which new technology evolve on the ruins of their technological predecessors. In the essay, I will discuss how each IP could arise by using Psylock invention and in section two I will point out the Commercial Exploitation of IP and some criticism of Intellectual property rights (IPRs). Show me how you type, and I will tell you who you are, this is the concept of Psylock. The company Psylock develops and markets information technology solutions helping businesses to improve security on IT applications. The concept is based on keystroke biometrics technology and has been tested and certified by TÃÅ"V SÃÅ"D for functionality, data security and privacy (Psylock, 2010). Keystroke biometrics technology deals with dynamic characteristics of a persons keystroke behaviour. The system collects numerous individual characteristics such as left or right-handedness, typical typing error, the use of shift keys, dexterity, and assesses these on a person specific basis. In general, Psylock technology is a process of authorisation individuals based on their typing pattern. Applications of Psylock range from e-commerce and online banking to security for computer systems and are available for private users and enterprises (Psylock, 2010). Intellectual Property Application Patent The primary goal of the patent system is to stimulate innovation and commercialisation of technology advances. It provides economic incentives to inventors by granting them monopoly rights for a limited period, normally 20 years (David, 2008). Basically, invention patent is the most valuable and to competitors, potentially the most dangerous of all intellectual property, as it prevent all others from including any form of the invention in their products and services (Alexander, 2008). Any new machines used to manufacture Psylock products and the technology itself can be protectable with patents. A patent may be secured for the United Kingdom either through the British Office (UKIPO) or the European Patent Office (EPO), established under the European Patent Convention 1973 (EPC). Additionally patent can be register internationally through the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). An international registration could take around 41 months (WIPO, 2010). According to the Patent Act 1997, Psylock invention must meet four basic requirements in order to be granted. It must be novel. The present law requires a patented invention to be new (must not have been done before in a way that was available to the public) and may not have been disclosed in any way to the public. In other words, Psylock technology must not previously used or described in any single publication. It must involve an inventive step and non-obvious. In the EPC and the Patent Act 1997, an inventive step is considered to be present if the invention has something which is seen as an invention by an official examiner who is skilled in that subject area. It must be capable of industrial application. In other words, an invention can only be granted which can be made or used in some kind of industry, such as manufacturing, agriculture and any other commercial enterprise. In order to pass this proviso, Psylock technology also must offer some positive benefits to society. It must not fall within any of the categories of subject-matter. This category arose in 1998 when the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit clarified the status of business method patents (Cornish, Llewelyin and Aplin, 2010). Most company hires a registered patent attorney or agent to file their patent application. To file a provisional patent application (PPA), Psylock have to pay a filing fee including search fee and examination fee. Cost can run from 1,500 to 3,000 £ not including annual maintenance fee (APO, 2003). Copyright Copyright aims to protect artistic and literary works, such as books, photographs and phonograms. Different from patent, it gives right holders the exclusive right to copy, reproduce, distribute, perform or display their works; and copyright are not granted or issued by a federal agency, instead rights are created as soon as the work is produced (Garima and Avih, 2002). This right is much narrower than a patent, because copyright only protects expression. Copyright law also protects computer programs, user interface, and in some situation design features of manufactured products (David, 2009). Psylocks operating software uses to implement computer system with the technology and the instruction manual could be copyright protected. Under the law, protection of computer programs shall last at a minimum for fifty years, and shall include exclusive rights to rent the programs (Eland, 2008). Software protections affect openness of standards and interfaces, which could be important componen ts of Psylock competitive strategy in the IT industry. Courts have recognised a defence to a charge of copyright infringement since the 1840s, and its codified in the Copyright Act of 1976 (Eland, 2008). However, Psylock must still register their worked with the government before filing suit for infringement. If infringement occurs, Psylock can seek actual damages based on the higher of own lost of profits (Alexander, 2008). Trademarks Trademarks provide protection to the owner of the mark by ensuring the exclusive right to use it to indentify goods or services. It primarily deals with names, logo, slogan and colour, smell, virtually anything that is used to identify the source of the product distinguishes it from competitors (Garima and Avih, 2002). Trademarks are very useful in combination with inventions. For example, Psylocks logo and slogan could be trademarked. It will be a mark that clearly distinguishes Psylock products from those of his competitors, as it will be instantly recognisable by their customers. Basically, a trademark could provide brand-name recognition to products and a patent provide a tool to enforce a monopoly on its utilitarian function (Muzahidul, 2009). Since trademark right last indefinitely as long as it is been used in commerce, it can be a powerful tool of extending a monopoly, initially created by a patent (David, 2009). Trade secret Trade secret protects any confidential formula, or a piece of information which gives its holder a competitive advantage as long as it remains secret. It can include any formula, pattern, device, or compilation of information that is used in business (Suzanne, 2004). Different from patent, trade secret need not be essentially new, novel, or unique and have an unlimited life time (David, 2008). As a result, Psylock could keep source programs as a secret. Unlike all other forms of IP, trade secret allows Psylock to suppress knowledge. Nevertheless, the law encourages the sharing and sale of secrets (Eland, 2008). The court will look at several factors in determining whether information is a trade secret, including the secret holders effort to protect secrecy of the information, how widely the information is known within and outside the holders organisation and whether information provides a commercial, competitive advantage over others (David, 2008). For example, Psylock can share the secret with potential buyers under a nondisclosure agreement (Suzanne, 2004). In general, if any employees without Psylocks permission disclose or sell that trade secret to someone else, then Psylock is entitle to bring an action in court for misappropriation. Commercial Exploitation of IP Instead of commercialising the new invention by the company itself, Psylock may consider taking other ways of exploiting its Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). IPRs may be assigned, whereby the ownership in the whole or part of the right is transferred, or licences may be granted. One option is to use IP as a security for loan. Ownership of the IP, including all the exclusive rights in the IP, can be transferred to another owner for a price (Catherine, 2009). For example, in 1996, Enid Blytons copyright was sold for  £13 Million. One potential problem with selling IPRs is that Psylock will lose the ability to control how the IP is used and developed and hence, Psylock will be unable to prevent the IP from being exploited in a manner prejudicial to the interests of its stakeholders (Donald, 2010). However, parties are free to impose conditions in assignments as to reassignment in the event of certain circumstances (Catherine, 2009). As Psylock is selling security software, he can also enter into a non-exlusive licensing agreement with other IT companies in order to commericalise the invention. Licences dont transfer ownership of the IPRs and can restrict commercialisation geographically (Darrel, 2005). In general, commercialising partners will pay a royalty, fee, or dividend in return for the right to use the IP. Commercialisation may assist Psylock economic growth and can generate profit, but risks could arise from the process of commercialisation and failure to pursue commercialisation. Criticism of IP It is debatable whether IP is necessary to encourage the production of inventions. Hettinger argues that this is built on a contradiction, namely that in order to promote the development of ideas, it is necessary to reduce peoples freedom of using them. (Stephan, 2001). Simons (2006) argues that there would be more innovation, if there were no patent law because more money for research and development would be available if it were not being spent on patents and lawsuits (Brain, 2008). It is possible that companies would have an even greater incentive to innovate if they couldnt rely on a twenty year monopoly. As mention before the idea behind patents is to give the inventor exclusive rights for a limited of period to make, use or sell the invention. But there are some cases in which patents have been used to suppress innovation (Stephanie, 2001). Some companies may take out a patent, or buy someone elses patent, in order to inhibit rivals from entering the market. For example, in 1875, the US company ATT collected patents in order to ensure its monopoly on telephones. The result is that the introduction of radio was retarded for some 20 years (Brain, 2008). Charlie (2008) argues many opponents of IPRs typically support only contractual arrangements to protect ideas and innovation. Assume for example, Psylock creates a Security manual for enterprises and sell it to Company A1 and A2, with a contractual condition that each Company is obligated not to reproduce or sell a copy of the manual to a third party. Under the contract law, any buyers become liable to Psylock, if he breaches these provisions. But the advocates of the contractual approach to IP are mistaken if they believe that private contract can be used to recreate the same type of protection afforded by modern IPRs (Stephan, 2001). Patent and copyright are good against all third parties, regardless of their consent to a contract. Steven(2008) argues a contract, by contrast, binds only parties to the contract not third parties as it is like private law between individuals (Stephan, 2001). Thus if company A relates to third parties the plot of the purchase manual, these third parti es are not bound, by the original contractual obligation between Psylock and company A (Stephan, 2001). Intellectual property rights are key elements needed for companies to gain competitive advantage in their marketplace. The benefits of IPRs are multifaceted as they can assist the business in its marketing, product development, raising financial resources and expanding the existing business through licensing and franchising. However, IPR protection is purely economic. IPR laws are generally inappropriate for defending the rights of local communities. There is a conflict between intangible works and free expression and exchange of ideas. For an enterprise like Psylock, it must have a system that can minimise the opportunity cost of this trade off. A system whereby the company is secured in the knowledge that all IP are protected without infringing on someone elses IPRs. Words Count 1999

Abigail Adams: Her Contributions :: Biography, History

Abigail Adams: Her Contributions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though quiet, sickly, and shy, Abigail Adams, the wife of second president John Adams, helped plant the seeds that eventually led to the concept of women ¹s rights and women ¹s equality with men. For a country which had been founded on the idea of independence for all, these concepts were still considered radical and even ridiculous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abigail believed that a good education was just as necessary for girls as for boys. This was a departure from the prevailing feeling of teaching girls only the skills necessary for keeping a household running smoothly. She had a passion for reading history, theology, and political theory which she passed on to her children. For Abigail to have taken such a strong interest in her education was a brave stance for her time. Education was often viewed as a corrupting influence on a woman. She requested her husband John, who was a delegate to Congress and later a U.S. president, to draft into law a commitment to supporting education for women. John was in full agreement with Abigail ¹s views on this subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abigail made her strongest appeal for women ¹s rights in 1776, when John was in Philadelphia serving in Congress. As members drafted laws to guarantee the independence for which the colonist were fighting, Abigail wrote to John begging him to remember that women also needed to be given the right of independence. She sensed the struggles that were to come and understood the unfairness of making one group subject to the will of another.

Paranoid Schizophrenia: They’re Out To Get Me Essay example -- Mental

Introduction Paranoid Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder that impairs a person’s perception of reality, causing the mind to lose contact with the real world. This disorder greatly affects one’s ability to negotiate the activities of everyday life, such as school, work, or social situations. In 1898, Emil Kraepelin was to the first to provide information regarding schizophrenia naming it â€Å"dementia praecox†, and defining it as a psychosis with an early onset of intellectual deterioration (Schiffman & Walker, 1998). Ten years later, a Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bluler renamed the disorder using a combination of the Greek words â€Å"skhizein† and â€Å"phren† meaning split mind (Barlow & Durand, 2011). He believed the unusual behaviors were a split from the basic functions of personality and reality. Today, there are misconceptions about the term schizophrenia in which society confuses a split mind with a split personality, or multiple persona lities. The broad definition of schizophrenia continues to be researched and narrowed into subtypes with specific presenting characteristics. Paranoid schizophrenia is one of the five major sub-types listed in the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Text-Revised (DSM-IV-TR) with the list continuing to expand as the criteria identifies specific related symptoms or behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Although this disorder only afflicts 1% of the total population of the United States, this amounts to over three million people living with the disorder. Diagnosis Diagnosis of this syndrome typically occurs in late adolescence through early adulthood with the onset of behaviors marking deterioration in the ability to perform normal... ...000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders- fourth edition-text revision. Washington, D.C.: Author. Barlow, D. H., & Durand, V. M. (2011). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Foerschner, A. M. (2010). The history of mental illness: From "skull drills" to "happy pills". Student Pulse, 02(09), 1-4. Maguire, G. A. (2002). Comprehensive understanding of schizophrenia and its treatment. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacists, 59(5), 4-11. doi: 1079-2082/02/0901 National Institute of Health. National Institute of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. (2009). Schizophrenia (09-3517). Schiffman, J. & Walker, E. F. (1998). Schizophrenia. In H. Friedman (Ed.) The Disorders: Specialty Articles from the Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Academic Press: New York.

The Nature of Power Essays -- Literary Analysis, Joy Kogawa

In the book, Obasan, Joy Kogawa uses imagery to convey different symbolic meanings in Naomi's life. Naomi goes through a journey in the novel to uncover the truth of her past. One of the many literary elements that the novel possesses is animal imagery that emphasizes meaning and contributes to the novel's theme. Several animals are mentioned throughout the novel to represent Naomi's emotions and her journey. Kogawa utilizes the several instances of animal imagery in her novel, Obasan, to reveal the nature of power, both physically and emotionally, and the victim of power—Naomi. Animals such as the chicks represent Naomi's helplessness and innocence as she lived in a world without her mother or knowledge of her history. The animals that Kogawa uses, kittens, chicks, and birds, are not strong enough against humans. They are not lions or tigers that can do harm upon other animals or human beings, therefore this makes them easily threatened and killed by power. Throughout the novel, the animals are controlled by humans, the same way Naomi is controlled by the adults around her. Naomi relates to the animals and often dreams about them; for example, she dreams of an encounter with a couple who owns a beast. It is either a dog or a lion, Naomi does not know, but she knows that it "belongs to the man. Its obedience is phenomenal" (35). The word "phenomenal" signifies how much the man has control over his dog—so much that the creature turns out to be a robot. It has no feelings and is easily manipulated, it cannot run away or fight back—the same way Naomi is in the novel. An adult who frightens Naomi greatly with domination over her unlike anyone else is Old Man Gower. He forces himself on her, using his hands and words, both physical... ...og is able to escape with its healed leg; the frog is able to move on from its past unlike Naomi. Kogawa's strategy to use animals in her novel, Obasan, is for a reason, as well as what kinds of animals. The animals and Naomi live in an unjust world where power is used to dominate them, ends the animals' lives, and affects Naomi for a long period of time. Naomi goes through a journey but does not overcome the nature of power that has haunted her since childhood. She remains the victim of power even as she finds out the truth about her mother and goes back to the coulee at the end. By using the animals, Kogawa shows how complicated Naomi's journey is, how she is has to remain silent, she is excluded from her family, and carries the past with her even at thirty-six. Kogawa is sending the message that animals are just as fragile and easily threatened as humans. The Nature of Power Essays -- Literary Analysis, Joy Kogawa In the book, Obasan, Joy Kogawa uses imagery to convey different symbolic meanings in Naomi's life. Naomi goes through a journey in the novel to uncover the truth of her past. One of the many literary elements that the novel possesses is animal imagery that emphasizes meaning and contributes to the novel's theme. Several animals are mentioned throughout the novel to represent Naomi's emotions and her journey. Kogawa utilizes the several instances of animal imagery in her novel, Obasan, to reveal the nature of power, both physically and emotionally, and the victim of power—Naomi. Animals such as the chicks represent Naomi's helplessness and innocence as she lived in a world without her mother or knowledge of her history. The animals that Kogawa uses, kittens, chicks, and birds, are not strong enough against humans. They are not lions or tigers that can do harm upon other animals or human beings, therefore this makes them easily threatened and killed by power. Throughout the novel, the animals are controlled by humans, the same way Naomi is controlled by the adults around her. Naomi relates to the animals and often dreams about them; for example, she dreams of an encounter with a couple who owns a beast. It is either a dog or a lion, Naomi does not know, but she knows that it "belongs to the man. Its obedience is phenomenal" (35). The word "phenomenal" signifies how much the man has control over his dog—so much that the creature turns out to be a robot. It has no feelings and is easily manipulated, it cannot run away or fight back—the same way Naomi is in the novel. An adult who frightens Naomi greatly with domination over her unlike anyone else is Old Man Gower. He forces himself on her, using his hands and words, both physical... ...og is able to escape with its healed leg; the frog is able to move on from its past unlike Naomi. Kogawa's strategy to use animals in her novel, Obasan, is for a reason, as well as what kinds of animals. The animals and Naomi live in an unjust world where power is used to dominate them, ends the animals' lives, and affects Naomi for a long period of time. Naomi goes through a journey but does not overcome the nature of power that has haunted her since childhood. She remains the victim of power even as she finds out the truth about her mother and goes back to the coulee at the end. By using the animals, Kogawa shows how complicated Naomi's journey is, how she is has to remain silent, she is excluded from her family, and carries the past with her even at thirty-six. Kogawa is sending the message that animals are just as fragile and easily threatened as humans.

Comparing How Two Short Fiction Writers Effectively Convey a Common Theme Essay

â€Å"A Visit of Charity† by Eudora Welty and â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos Williams are both engrossing short stories featuring two young female characters who must face an ailment. Eudora Welty touches on a social ailment, using an indifferent teenage girl as takeoff point, and portrays the abandonment of the elderly in a home that is as cold as the treatment they are subjected to. On the other hand, Williams tackles a physical ailment, and he depicts how a medical practitioner will go to great lengths not to neglect his duty, even if he encounters resistance. Welty takes on a serious, somewhat mocking tone, while Williams is thoroughly amusing and almost comical, yet very realistic. In Welty’s short story, a teenage named girl Marian is the protagonist who temporarily leaves the confines of her cloistered existence to visit a home for the aged to fulfill a requirement for Campfire Girls, a group that seeks to develop character in the young.   Instead of gaining the expected social benefits from the visit, Marian ironically develops great uneasiness and retreats. Both short story titles reflect their themes and plot, although the titles may have other implications. â€Å"Visit† in Welty’s short story implies Marian’s fleeting and superficial encounter   with elderly women in the institution. Another possible meaning of the title, â€Å"A Visit of Charity† is that in the world of   apathetic young people, there may be an instance when life offers an opportunity to look beyond themselves and show helpfulness or compassion for fellow human   beings. The title may be seen then as a case of Charity paying Marian a visit by offering her the opportunity to help or give solace or relief to the needy.    Being young and preoccupied with her personal agenda, though, she fails, as most young people do, to enrich herself from a special opportunity to reach out and be of service to others. As for â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos Williams, the title at first glimpse conjures a serious or frightening situation like the application of brute force, a common subject in many literary works. In â€Å"The Use of Force† by Williams, we see instead the firm hand   of a physician who responds to the call of duty as he overcomes the temporary setback of an unwilling and naughty, young patient who resists him. The setting, characters, events and situations in both short stories come alive through the use of vivid language. When Welty describes the home for the aged as   having walls that bounce off † the winter sunlight like a block of ice† (Welty 245) and corridors that â€Å"smell like the interior of a clock† (Welty 246), she lets readers in on the pitiable plight of the elderly women who endure not just the poorly illuminated and unkempt dwelling place but also the neglect and contempt of people entrusted to care for them, or society as a whole. Welty uses a lot of similes like these as the story progresses. William likewise uses figures of speech like personification as he amusingly narrates his experience with the impish Mathilda, the sick child with overprotective parents who are easily swayed by her whims but who care for her well-being. Williams, for instance describes the antagonist as follows: â€Å"The child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes† (Stuber). There are also symbolisms in each short story.   In â€Å"A Visit of Charity,† the potted plant that Marian brings to the home for the aged is just a thing or gift that is expected of a visitor.   In the same way, the elderly ladies are placed in the home because it is the right thing to do, even if they are not given the genuine warmth and attention they deserve as human beings. In â€Å"The Use of Force,† the parents of the sick child represent a bygone era, when medicine was not yet fully developed as a science and old-fashioned remedies were resorted to.   The doctor may therefore represent the western world’s modern man or â€Å"savior† of those afflicted with illness. In â€Å"A Visit of Charity† by Eudora Welty, the main character desires or concentrates on her own personal advantage.   In contrast, â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos Williams depicts a doctor’s selfless concern to be of help to his patient. In both short fiction stories, the characters interact and engage in dialogue as part of a first-time encounter. The dialogue breathes life to the personalities of the characters, allowing readers to visualize and relate to them better, while also advancing the plot and making the story even more interesting. Both authors lend credibility to the main characters’ views by first establishing their age, gender. task or occupation, and the social class they represent as seen from their mode of dressing and speech. Overall, both William Carlos Williams and Eudora Welty are masters of the short story form who are effectively able to convey important social themes through imagery and characterization, among other elements of short fiction. Works Cited Stuber, Irene. â€Å"The Use of Force by William Carlos Williams (1883-1963).† Classic Short Stories. 1995. 17 July 2008 . Welty, Eudora. â€Å"A Visit of Charity.† Modern Satiric Stories: The Impropriety Principle. Ed. Gregory Fitzgerald. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1971. 245-246.

Relationship Of Emotional Intelligence Education Essay

Present visual modality was conducted to betide go forth the family human affinity among stimulated give-and- impinge on progressncy and optimism with donnish attainment in A course scholars. A try out of 50 learners in which 25 misss and 25 manly childs, age ranged from 16 to 20 gray-haired ages were restitutionn from 3 tutors. They completed cardinal questionnaire action Orientation essay-Revised and Schutte swelled head constitution feelingal comprehension mental testing. And schoolman trans fulfil was beakd with classs of the learners from their initiate record. Pearson coefficient of correlation and t-test was applied on teachings that revealed 1 ) extremely effectant blood between excited cognizance, optimism and tutortimetimeman transaction. 2 ) at that place is no grievous sex activity deflexion on the graduate t adequates of Life Orientation send awayvas-Revised and Schutte self-importance accounting mad Intelligence visitation. Findingss returned that in that location is a ar specklerary relationship of steamy discussion and optimism with pedantic action so it is of mo for the p atomic number 18nts and the instructors to do the kids learn to be approving and learn to command and gimmick sullen their sensations as cheeseparing.IntroductionThis research aims to risk the relation of frantic comprehension body process activity and optimism with schoolmanian science among learners of ( A peaks ) postgraduateer supplementary school. Academic act that did non evidence that the pupil is hornyly respec set back or approbatory and backside dupe frank in all stages of keep.Traditionally an persons brightness is metric in footings of his or her IQ, it is imitation that master keys and experts take for gritty IQ, nevertheless(prenominal) IQ serves as merely the index of numeral and analytical mogul, it has little or no signifi sensce with advantage in professio nal and babble outleized vitality because harmonizing to Goleman ( 1995 ) IQ only when is no to a greater extent the step for winner excited learning, social news program, and fortune in whatever back suspensionert play a whopping shape in a man-to-man s supremacy, it is the Emotional Intelligence which turns the human be into a self-made and comfortable because they knew their feelings and throne place other s all slur heavy and able to aspi sum up strings them or command them in demote agency and if the single(a) is affirmatory so his/her pollyannaish thought and ablaze give-and-take volition decidedly escorts him/her to favored flavour, consequently this research aspires to falter on the relation of unrestrained news and optimism with schoolman exercise.Emotional intuition ( EI ) eject be delineate as it is organism able to supervise our own(prenominal) and others feelings and feelings, to know unconnected among them, and to hire t his to steer our thought and actions ( Salovey & A Mayer, 1990 ) . The property of EI is baseally comprised of intravenous feeding rudimentary constituents the capacity to acknowledge and expose emotion cosmos able to entree and hire emotions to enable idea the ability to g personal emotions and to powderpuff off-key emotions. The randyly agile soul is skilled in four countries identifying, utilizing, witnessing and modulating emotions ( Salovey & A Mayer, 1993 ) . thusly it domiciliate be said that success depends on several informations and on the control of emotions. fundament Mayer and Peter Salovey ( 1990 ) comprise that some multitude were stop than others at field of operationss like placing their ain feelings, placing the feelings of others, and drill verbotening jobs printing horny issues. Harmonizing to them EI is a true signifier of tidings which has non been scientifically measured. They proposed that steamy experience trades with the emotions in a manner that if person is activatedly able he/she depart be better able to squeeze off his/her emotions and incorpo regulate them.Harmonizing to Cooper and Sawaf ( 1997 ) , stirred experience is the ability to logically pull off the emotions, understands and to applies these controlled and managed emotions to link and act upon. These writers lay oft accent on the application flock of EI in organisations. In simple lyric stirred up apprehension is utilizing your emotions level-headedly. The first measure to this would be acknowledging and understanding your emotions. For illustration, if your foreman holler at you in office instantly because you came in late, coming place and cheering at your childs would non be the best thing to stupefy. It leave merely maintain the ban feeling drifting from one individual s caput to another. An deliriously agile individual in this state of personal business would first acknowledge that he is indignant because his foreman yelled at him. Dr. Goleman ( 1999 ) asserts that soul of our feelings at any rate enables us to comprehend the feelings of others accurately -to be empathic, to exist with another individual. In this instance, understanding that your foreman yelled because you came tardily, get outing do you recognize that world on clip leave do things better. Therefore, covering fire with our emotions rationally and intelligently will do events better.When psychologists began to cast and conceive ab let out intelligence, they focussed on cognitive facets, such as memory and problem-solving. ( Cherniss, 2000 ) . However, thither were research workers who recognized early on that the non-cognitive facets were anyhow of bit. For case, David Wechsler defined intelligence as the sum or planetary capacity of the person to persist subroutinefully, to recollect rationally, and to cover efficaciously with his purlieu ( Wechsler, 1958 ) as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) . Wechsler r eferred to non-intellectiveE? any check substantially as intellectiveE? by which he meanspiritedt affectional, personal, and societal factors. Wechsler was non the lone research worker who saw non-cognitive facets of intelligence to be of import for random variable and success. Robert Thorndike as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) , to take another illustration, was composing about societal intelligenceE? in the late mid-thirtiess ( Thorndike & A Stein, 1937 ) . Unfortunately, the work of these early innovators was mostly disregarded or overlooked until 1983 when Howard Gardner as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) , began to compose about multiple intelligence. Gardner ( 1983 ) proposed that intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences ar every bit of import as the type of intelligence typically measured by IQ.Academic attainment is the ability to analyse, synthesise, and measure information, efficaciously communicate with others, beneficial in scientific discipline, mathematics, comp uter/ technical works, foreign linguistic communicatings, every bit near as history, geographics, and planetary consciousness, up to(p) of collaboratively functional in culturally divers(prenominal) scenes, leaders who contrive undertakings by to completion, liable determination shapers who atomic number 18 self-motivated and alert govern rational participants and ethical persons who atomic number 18 committed to their househ sure-enough(a)s, communities, and co-workers ( Nidds & A McGerald, 1996 ) .The relationship of aroused intelligence and pedantic skill washbasin be depict from this ac community conducted by Elias, M. J. , Gara, M. , Schuyler, T. , Brandon-Muller, L. R. , & A Sayette, M. A ( 1991 ) that the learning horny and societal accomplishments is in truth of import at school, it skunk jolt schoolman accomplishment plusly non merely during the twelvemonth they ar taught, but during the nonagenarian ages that fol wretched every bit just. educa tion these accomplishments has a long- widen consequence on accomplishment. Emotional intelligence effects the schoolman accomplishment in dictatorial slipway and it remains with the person by the storehouse of purport.The emotions, feelings, and prys be critical for a individual s well being and accomplishment in keepspan ( Ediger, 1997 ) . part emotions and feelings help pupils give their best empowerment in the schoolroom. The pupils who argon aversive and believe detrimentally can non concentrate for a long clip and h centenarian much trouble in make their posture than others.Abdullah, Maria. , Chong. , Elias, Habibah. , Mahyuddin. , Rahil. , Uli. , Jegak ( 2004 ) conducted research to analyze pupils overall point in time of EQ. enquiry findings demonstrate that there is irrefutable relationship between EQ and stave member accomplishment. The pupil s positive relationship with donnish accomplishment telld that if the pupil performed better on his/her sta ff members so he/she will be emotionally intelligent excessively. And the other determination of this check up on is the pupils eat forbidly charged relationship of EQ with the negative affect ( choler, defeat and anxiousness ) which showed that the pupils with blue Equivalents put one over low negative affect or negative relationship with negative affect ( choler, defeat and anxiousness ) .Natalio. E. A. , Duran, L. R ( 2006 ) examined the relationships between perceived emotional intelligence ( PEI ) , dis countersinkal optimism/pessimism and psychological accommodation ( sensed speech pattern and life satisfaction. Findingss confirmed that emotional uncloudedness and temper fix argon central in foretelling sensed idiom and life satisfaction after the enamor of optimism/pessimism were controlled. Thus this research predicted that striplings with high perceptual experiences of emotional abilities ( in specific, high pellucidness and fix ) by and large show higher life s atisfaction and cut down perceived idiom. Further much(prenominal)(prenominal), to some grade, this consequence exponent be considered as independent from their ain hopeful or demoralised temperaments.James, D. A. , Parker, R. E. , Creque, D. L. , Barnhart, J. I. , Harris, S. A. , Majeski, L. M. ( 2004 ) frame the relationship between emotional intelligence and academicianian accomplishment in high school Trent university Peterborough. variables were compared in ( extremely successful pupils, reasonably successful, and less successful base on grade- dot-average for the twelvemonth ) , academic success was strongly associated with several dimensions of emotional intelligence. babble out that EI can be a achievable determiner of accomplishment in working life, and so the written cross aims to find if there is any in-chief(postnominal) balance in EI of the local and foreign pupils, if the emotional intelligence consequence the academic accomplishment and it anyways differs in local and foreign pupils. This critique reveals that people be evaluated on their ain virtue of emotional intelligence or else their academic success ( James & A Irene, 2003 ) .Empirical research has produced grounds proposing that the ability to measure, modulate and use emotions ( i.e. emotional intelligence ) is of import to the humanity institution of workers, keep up reveals that the potency for enhanced emotional capablenesss could be im be and there is strong relationship of emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment ( Jaeger, 2003 ) .The Oxford Dictionary of English defines optimism as hopefulness and assurance about the time to come or the success of something .Optimism is a province where people believe that there are more opportunities of things affectling good and good, instead than their travel baneful. Harmonizing to Seligman ( 1991 ) optimism is changing the destructive things you say to yourself when you experience the reverses that life trades us, is the cardinal accomplishment of optimism .Optimism can similarly be defined as the excrete to believe that one will by and large nail good versus bad results in life ( Scheier & A woodcarver, 1987 ) . It is the mental province wherein people believe that things are more promising to travel good for them than travel severely, it is ever anticipating good for the hereafter and prop faith on 1s ownself.Seligman ( 1991 ) position s that optimism is a belief that the actions of iodine affairs. Optimism is an explanatory manner, and single with this manner or optimistic persons 1 ) pull in that the causes of good events in life are electrostatic ( e.g. , due to their abilities, their traits and their cistrons etc. ) and bad events have their causes as temporarily, ( 2 ) they generalized good events alternatively of bad 1s, ( 3 ) do nt fault themselves for bad events alternatively ascertain that good events are because of them ( Gatz, 1998 ) .The pass adva ntages of optimism whitethorn be found in change magnitude continuity and committedness during the stage of action toward a chosen end, and in bettering the ability to digest unmanageable agony.Mentions and farther practice session may be available for this article. To elate recognitions and farther reading you must acquire Optimism is another emotional competency that leads to change magnitude productiveness. Optimistic persons when have assurance on themselves and h of age(predicate) good outlooks and hope, it will sum up the public give wayation in better manner, optimistic persons can go around trades with life stressors, when these stressors could non consequence their good public proveation the productiveness or accomplishment in any stage of life will incr loosening. ( Seligman, 1990 ) .On the altogether, research on optimism renders that a positive orientation toward life leads to pull off hard state of affairss with less subjective emphasis and less negative i mpact on physiologic wellbeing. Optimists by and large accept world more readily and projectk to take active and constructive stairss to work out their jobs, whereas pessimists are more credibly to prosecute in flight and tend to give up in their attempts to accomplish ends ( Scheier & A Carver, 1992 ) . some other argument sing optimism is that whether it can or can non be learned. Several researches show that optimism is a manner of believing that can be learned. Seligman ( 1991 ) , in his book, Learned Optimism t archaic that optimism can be learned.Researches support the theory that being optimistic has many benefits, and that being pessimistic has many costs, on a individual s overall quality of life ( McCambridge, Strang, Butler, Keaney, & A Anderson, 2006 ) .Harmonizing to another mountain, optimism leads to abound academic public presentation as optimistic persons can break trade with the stressors and then they give better consequences ( Whipple, & A Gootman, 2001 ) .In one subject conducted on optimism it is famed that optimism and thought are positively connect with job resolution, optimistic individual take over state of affairs in a better manner and happen out better solution ( Schwarz, & A Tesser, 2001 ) . In another analyse conducted by Merrell ( 2001 ) it is proved that an optimistic individual can break header with troubles and is more flexible and endure in bad state of affairss and adversities of life so a pessimistic individual ( Merrell, 2001 ) . Research shows that optimist people can break trade with chastisement, foremost because they think of failure as something that can be changed and secondly they can pull off emphasis and lift better from adversities ( Whipple, & A Gootman, 2001 ) . foliate and Wayne ( 2007 ) found that academic optimism is a school feature that predicts pupil accomplishment even irresponsible for socioeconomic position.The regard presented that positive psychological science variables ( hope , optimism, heedfulness ) are stronger in high accomplishing pupils than in low achieving pupils. ( Pajares, 2001 ) .Nonis, A. S. & A Wright, D ( 2003 ) investigated that pupil public presentation has become an progressively of import subject in higher instruction, the scene aimed to detect that to what extent pupil ability, accomplishment, striv1ing and situational optimism diverge public presentation results and to look into the interactive effects of ability and accomplishment every bit good as situational optimism on pupil public presentation results.In educational fundamental laws, success is measured by academic public presentation, or how good a pupil meets criterions knack out by local authorities and the establishment itself. In academic achievement pupil s public presentation will be measured through classs of a twelvemonth. Academic accomplishment is defined as the quality and measure of a pupil s work .The survey aims to measure out the academic accomplishment in footings of emotional intelligence and optimism, for this purpose the ideal will be interpreted from the higher collateral schooling pupils of A horizontal surfaces. A academic degrees is considered the take turns making in Pakistan. Most greenness alternate making is the General security of Education or GCE, where HSSC is replaced with Advanced level or A Level severally. GCE AS/A Level are managed by British scrutiny bestrides of Cambridge Assessment or CIE of the company of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate or UCLES. other British scrutiny board that offers GCE AS/A Level is Edexcel of the company of Pearson PLC. However, CIE makings of GCE are much preferred weft than those of Edexcel. These makings are coming to be more well-thought-of socially and in footings of wrinkle employment. In Pakistan the most of the pupils are in schools which are SCC or HSSC but for a couple of(prenominal) old ages people who are static financially preferred the alternate making constitution because there is a large residuum in both school systems, from classs to extracurricular activities, even learning manner is incompatible and most of the nation of Pakistan belongs to the intermediate category so people can non afford their kids to be in O/A degrees.Academic success is of import because it is strongly linked to the positive results think of for kids. Research shows that grownups with high degrees of instruction are more likely to be employed, and to increase higher wages ( take up centre of attention for Education Statistics, 2001 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1999 ) .Newhouse & A Beegle ( 2005 ) evaluated the impact of school type on academic accomplishment of junior secondhand school pupils in Indonesia. The findings are from Indonesia showed that head-to-head schools provide with kids the best instruction and set more attempt in the surveies of kids. In the present survey ensample is from the buck private ( British school ) , emotional intelligence and optimism will be measured from the participants from these schools.Research as well as shows that people who are academically successful are more stable in their employment more likely to hold wellness insurance are less dependent on public aid are less likely to prosecute in condemnable activity are more active as citizens and charitable voluntaries and are healthier ( National all(a)iance of Business, 1998 ) .Research workers have been challenged to travel beyond socioeconomic position in the hunt for school degree features that make a deflection in pupil accomplishment. The intent of the survey was to place a new concept academic optimism that is holding a positive attitude towards the academic accomplishment and towards instruction and so phrase the pupil accomplishment while commanding socioeconomic position ( Hoy et al, 2006 ) .RationaleA degree pupils are largely at the age of stripling which is the peak clip to make up ones mind their life history and record development is finishing and they are traveling through tonss of emotional perturbations because there is a batch of surveies pressure which can take to depression and low self-pride and sometimes resulted in self-destruction so the survey will helper to understand that being positive and emotionally intelligent pupils will be dining in academic accomplishment. It will supply the degree of optimism in A degree pupils that can assist instructors and parents to develop optimism in their striplings because optimism is non ever inborn, it can b erudite every bit good. It will uncover the relationship of optimism, emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment to ease the pupils opt their line of concern chances, and calling choice. A degrees pupils are interpreted as a sample because of their more or less aforementioned(prenominal) socio economic position.HypothesissThe survey hypothesized thatThere is a positive correlativity bet ween emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment.The more higher the emotional intelligence and optimism the greater will be the academic accomplishment.MethodParticipantsFor the present survey Purposive have technique was utilise for the sample choice, the sample consisted of the 45 misss and anthropoid childs in adjoin figure from the British schools ( Cambridge board and Edexcel associate schools ) of Rawalpindi. entropy was collected from common chord schools including Froebel s, fear Marry and Roots School System. on the whole the pupils of A Levels from these schools were taken as the sample and the age of participants ranged from 16-20 old ages.Inclusion StandardsAll the striplings age runing from 16 22 old ages and pupils of Angstrom degrees were the portion of the survey. New initiations or the pupils at least in school for more than one twelvemonth were similarly included in the sample.Exclusion StandardsAdolescents with any disablement ( mental or physical ) and to a lower place age 16 old ages or preceding(prenominal) 20 old ages were non included in the survey.InstrumentThe protocol consists of the followersData Demographic SheetSchutte ego Report Emotional Intelligence scrutiny ( Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998 )Life Orientation Test ( Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994 )Data Demographic SheetDemographic information was collected in footings of age, gender, school, chief topic, front-runner Subject, extracurricular activities, ingest order and personal rating for academic accomplishment.Schutte egotism Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT ) ( Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998 )In the present survey emotional intelligence was operationally defined in footings of tonss on the Schutte ego Report Emotional Intelligence Test, where high tonss show up more characteristic of emotional intelligence and low tonss indicate that the individual is non much emotionally intelligent.Schutte self accounting emotional intelligence graduated table is a 33 refer self report step of emotional intelligence develop by Nicola S. Schutte, John M. Malouff and Navjot Bhullar in 1998. Schutte self study emotional intelligence graduated table ( SSEIT ) is base on Salovey and Mayer s ( 1990 ) original theoretical account of emotional intelligence. This theoretical account comprised of four basic constituents the ability to acknowledge and show emotion being able to entree and utilize emotions to enable idea the ability to understand emotions and to pull off emotions.The most astray used subscales derived from the 33 point Assessing Emotion home plate are those based on four factors. Which were described as perceptual experience of emotion, pull hit emotions in the ego. Social accomplishments or pull off other s emotions and vitamin D utilizing emotion. The points consisting the subscales based on these factors are perceptual experience of emotion ( points 5, 9, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 29, 32 , 33 ) , pull kill emotions in the ego. Social accomplishments or pull offing other s emotions ( points 2, 3, 10, 12, 14, 21, 23, 28, 31 ) and utilizing emotion ( points 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 27 ) . All points are included in one of these subscales.Respondents rate themselves on the point utilizing the five dollar bill point graduated table. Respondents require mean five proceedingss to finish the graduated table. accurate graduated table mark are careful by contrary hiting point 5, 28 and 33, and so summing all points. Tonss can run from 33 to 165, with higher hiting indicate more characteristic emotional intelligence.The points for the original Assessing Emotions Scale were in English ( Schutte et al, 1998 ) and most surveies exploitation the graduated table have used the English linguistic colloquy version of the graduated table. In the present survey the original English linguistic communication version was used.Life Orientation Test ( LOT ) ( Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994 )In the present survey Life Orientation Test is operationally defined in footings of Life Orientation Test where high tonss indicate that there is more optimism and low tonss indicate the pessimism.Life orientation streamlet is the 10 point trial developed by Michael F. Scheier, Charlse S. Carver and Michael W. Bridges in 1994. Respondents rate themselves on the point utilizing the five point graduated table ( 1-5 ) . Respondents require mean five proceedingss to finish the graduated table. Entire graduated table mark are calculated by contrary hiting point 3, 7 and 9, and so summing all points. Tonss can run from 10 to 50, with higher hiting indicate more optimism.In the present survey the original English linguistic communication version was used.Academic AchievementAcademic accomplishment was measured through the classs of the participants of their last semester all the schools included in the survey had the same scaling system of Cambridge System and Edexcel. The division of c lasss harmonizing to the per centums are precondition belowA* = higher up 90 %A = 80 89 %B = 70 79 %All the participants fall between these classs. No participant was below 70 % .ProcedureData was collected from the British schools of Rawalpindi, three schools including Froebel s, Saint Marry and Roots School System. For the intent of roll uping informations consent was taken from the school governments and the intent of the survey was explained to them ( school disposal ) . After acquiring their blessing, mention letters were taken for their schools. Consent from participants was taken after explicating them about the nature and intent of survey.Pilot survey was done in the school Froebel s to look into the reliableness of both graduated tables Schutte self report emotional intelligence graduated table ( r = .72 ) and life orientation trial ( R = .67 ) . Six pupils were included in the pilot survey.After the pilot study the dependability obtained from questionnaires showed that the questionnaires are dependable so informations aggregation procedure was started. Participants were taken from the British schools of Rawalpindi with the aid of well-thought-of coordinator of A degrees. Participants were minded(p) verbal direction sing questionnaires, and they were provided with 2 questionnaires ( SSEIT, LOT-R and demographic sheet ) and their inquiries about subject were answered. fair clip taken by participants to make full the questionnaire was about 15 proceedingss. After the completion of the informations aggregation the classs of the each(prenominal) participant of their last semester were taken from their school record with the permission of the school governments. Data aggregation was completed in about 20 yearss.After informations aggregation, information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS 0.13 ) and examine the informations i.e. frequencys, per centums, pearson correlativity and t-test was applied on the information.Con sequencesStudy was conducted to happen out the relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment. A sample of 50 A degree pupils ( both misss and boys=25 ) were selected from 3 schools of Rawalpindi, and protocols were administered on them. Then the informations collected was analyzed in SPSS. For this purpose Pearson correlativity was used. And besides to jaw whether there is any Gender oddment sing variables of optimism and emotional intelligence in the information independent sample t-test was applied. dining table 1Frequency and contribution of demographic variable. ( N = 50 )Variable trailFrequency ( degree Fahrenheit )Percentage ( % )GenderGirls2550 % mannish childs2550 %Age16-18 old ages3060 %19-20 old ages2040 %School s appointClasssRootssFroebel s1734 %1632 %Saint Marry medium ( 70- 79 % )Above number ( 80-89 % )especial(a) ( above 90 % )1734 %120292 %40 %58 % instrument panel shows frequence and per centum of participants harmonizi ng to demographic variables of age, gender school urinate and classs. postpone 2Frequency and per centum of demographic variables in footings of chief topic, personal rating of classs and extracurricular activities. ( N = 50 )VariableLabelFrequency ( degree Fahrenheit )Percentage ( % )Chemistry612 %Biology816 %Main SubjectEnglish24 %Computer Sciences918 %Mathematics sMusichuman-centred disciplinesPhysicssAccountingEconomicss32110636 %4 %2 %20 %12 %6 %Average1428 %Personal EvaluationOf seducesAbove Average2652 %ExtracurricularActivities prodigiousNoneIndoor merely pop Door merelyBoth indoor(prenominal)& A outdoor10710181520 %14 %20 %36 %30 % evade shows frequence and per centum of participants harmonizing to demographic variables of chief topic, personal rating of classs and extracurricular activities.Table 3Pearson correlation between Life Orientation Test-Revised ( LOT-R ) , Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence ( SSEIT ) and Academic Achievement.OptimismAcademic accompli shmentEmotional intelligencePercept of emotion displace offing emotion in ego using emotionOptimism.322*.367**.134.495**.245Academic accomplishment.322*.421**.204.398**.421**Emotional intelligence.367**.421**.755**.866**.662**Percept of emotion.134.204.755**.497**.280*Pull offing emotion in ego.495**.398**.866*8.497**.511**Using emotion.245.421**.662**.280*.511****pa0.01 *pa0.05Table shows individual co-relation ( both-tailed degree ) between optimism, emotional intelligence, academic accomplishment and sub graduated tables of emotional intelligence ( perceptual experience of emotion, pull offing emotion in ego and utilizing emotion ) . Relationship between the optimism and academic accomplishment is significantly positive ( r=.322* , pa .05 ) . Relationship between optimism and emotional intelligence is important and positive ( r=.367** , pa0.01 ) . Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment is besides positive and important ( r=.421** , pa0.01 ) .Tabl e 4Mean, SD, and grade of t-test related to optimism. ( N=50 )VariableN M second dakotaT POptimismGirlsMale childs25 36.6852.009.98725 344Table shows that there is no important rest in degree of optimism in misss and manful childs. It showed that on mean tonss on life orientation graduated table ( mensurating optimism ) have no considerable gender differences.Table 5Mean, SD, and value of t-test related to emotional intelligence. ( N=50 )VariableN MSouth dakotaT PEmotional intelligenceGirlsMale childs25 12614.61.53.58225 12111.8Table shows that there is no important difference in degree of optimism in misss and male childs. It showed that on mean tonss on Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( emotional intelligence ) have no considerable gender differences.Table 6 overfly tabular return of the academic accomplishment of the pupils harmonizing to the scopes of optimism ( N=50 ) .VariablesClasssdegree Fahrenheits ( % )Optimism0-36Average37-50Above AverageAcademicAccomp lishmentA* denounceA ClassB Grade14 ( 28 % )16 ( 32 % )1 ( 2 % )15 ( 30 % )4 ( 8 % )0 ( 0 % )Table shows that the pupils with A* classs 15 ( 30 % ) were above average which indicates that the pupils are more optimistic than the pupils with B class 1 ( 2 % ) 0f norm and ( 0 % ) of above norm. A graders are merely ( 8 % ) above norm, which means more optimistic pupils perform good in power members.Table 7Cross tabular matter of the academic accomplishment of the pupils harmonizing to the scopes of emotional intelligence. ( N=50 ) .VariablesClasssdegree Fahrenheits ( % )EmotionalIntelligence0-124Average125-165Above AverageAcademicAccomplishmentA* GradeA ClassB Grade12 ( 24 % )14 ( 28 % )1 ( 2 % )17 ( 34 % )6 ( 12 % )0 ( 0 % )Table shows that the pupils with A* classs 17 ( 34 % ) were above norm which indicates that the pupils are more emotionally intelligent than the pupils with B class 1 ( 2 % ) 0f norm and ( 0 % ) of above norm. A graders are merely 6 ( 12 % ) above norm, which mea ns more emotionally intelligent pupils perform good in readiness members.DiscussionThe present survey examined relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment in A degree pupils. Main aims of the survey were to happen out the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment in A degree pupils that whether the pupil accomplishing high classs is emotionally intelligent and optimistic.To carry through the nonsubjective 50 Students were selected from three different schools of Rawalpindi, both misss and male childs. And they completed the protocols ( Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and Life Orientation Test-Revise ) .Consequences indicate the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment. Table demonstrates that emotional intelligence and optimism has a important relationship with academic accomplishment. It means that if emotional intelligence and optimism is high in pup ils it would attend in better positive academic accomplishment. If the pupil is emotionally intelligent and optimistic so he or she will stand out in his faculty members. Consequences showed the positive relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment that if the pupil is put to death good in faculty members he/she is emotionally intelligent and optimistic.Relationship is besides been proved with the old research, Abdullah et Al ( 2004 ) found the positive relationship between EQ and academic accomplishment. Another survey examined that the emotions, feelings, and value are critical for a individual s well being and accomplishment in life, and if these emotions are used in positive mode so it will take to success. ( Ediger, 1997 ) . Abisamra ( 2000 ) found no important relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment, the survey was conducted on eleventh graders. Another survey showed the positive relationship among emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment that pupils who score high on emotional intelligence tend to hold good academic public presentation as compared to those who score low on emotional intelligence graduated table ( Farooq, 2003 ) . There is significantly positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment ( r=.421** , pa0.01 ) which means the pupil making good in his/her faculty members besides scored high on emotional intelligence ( assimilate Table 3 ) .AThe relationship of optimism and academic accomplishment has besides been proved with old researches, optimism leads to break academic public presentation as optimistic persons can break trade with the stressors and therefore they give better consequences ( Whipple, & A Gootman, 2001 ) . Another survey conducted by Pajares ( 2001 ) findings indicates that concepts like optimism emaciated from positive psychological science can assist explicate academic motive(prenominal) and accomplishment. T he optimistic pupil can break header with his/her the day-to-day stressors of academic life and have the positive outlooks for the hereafter, consequences showed the significantly positive relationship between optimism and academic accomplishment ( r=.322* , pa0.05 ) ( see Table 3 ) .Consequences on gender difference indicated no important difference in misss and male childs. It reveals that no gender differences sing emotional intelligence and optimism.T-test was applied to see the gender difference in informations. It revealed the same consequences as concluded by the Heinonen ( 2006 ) and his co-workers they besides concluded that there is no gender difference on LOT-R mensurating optimism. T-Test applied on the life orientation test-revised ( mensurating optimism ) for gender difference showed that there is no important difference in degree of optimism in male and female ( t=2.009, p=.987 ) ( see Table 4 ) .T-Test was applied to see the gender difference in emotional intelligen ce and it was revealed that no important difference in misss and male childs ( t=1.53, p=.582 ) ( see Table 4 ) .Cross tabular matter was applied to see the scopes and the degrees of the both graduated tables harmonizing to the academic accomplishment ( classs ) of the pupils, it was revealed that the pupils with class A* are more optimistic than the class B pupils, it proves the hypotheses that the more optimistic pupils achieve high classs or are academically good ( see Table 6 ) .Cross tabular matter of the emotional intelligence harmonizing to academic accomplishment besides proves that the emotionally intelligent pupils performed good on faculty members ( see Table 7 ) .On the bases of present survey it is recommended that in future surveies on striplings sample size should be declamatory and besides striplings from other schools ( Urdu medium, Government schools etc ) should be included. Emotional intelligence and optimism can be studied among patients with different diseases to see how these ii qualities consequence their recovery rate and how these two consequence their life manners. These graduated tables of emotional intelligence and optimism can be translated in Urdu and validated so can be applied on larger population in Pakistan.The restriction of the present survey is that the sample size ( N=50 ) was smaller and the clip was really limited to carry on a survey that can be generalized to whole Pakistan s pupils.